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budgerigar colour genetics
The science of budgerigar colour genetics deals with the heredity of mutations which cause colour variation in the feathers of the species known scientifically as ''Melopsittacus undulatus''. Birds of this species are commonly known by the terms 'budgerigar', 'budgerigar parakeet' or just 'budgie'.
==Background==
The wildtype (natural-coloured or wild occurring) budgerigar's colour is called Lightgreen. The feathers of most parrot species, including budgerigars, contain both a black type of ''melanin'' named ''eumelanin'' along with a basic yellow pigment named psittacofulvin (psittacin for short). Some other parrot species produces a third pigment named advanced-psittacin which enables colour & tones ranging from oranges, peaches, pinks to reds. When these feathers are exposed to a white light source, such as sunlight, only the blue part of the spectrum is reflected by the eumelanin granules. This reflected blue light passes through the yellow pigment layer, resulting in the green colouration known as ''lightgreen'' in only the budgerigar and/or ''green'' in any other naturally green coloured parrot species.
The many colour variations of budgerigars, such as albino, blue, cinnamon, Clearwinged, the various Fallows, Grey, Greygreen, Greywing, Lutino, Mauve, Olive, Opaline, Spangled, Suffused, Violet... are the result of mutations that have occurred within specific genes. There are actually at least thirty-two known primary mutations established among budgerigars. These can combine to form hundreds of secondary mutations and colour varieties which may or may not be stable.
As is true with all animal species, colour mutations occur in captivity as do in the wild. This has been demonstrated when captive-bred budgerigars have developed mutations that had only been previously recorded amongst wild populations.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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